Wednesday, September 30, 2026

The Nepal disaster (26Aug2026): The story of a woman

 

 
Heavily damaged building in Trishuli, Nuwakot
district
Ms Namoshree Rai from Darjeeling, recently visited some of the disaster hit areas in Nepal and talked to many of the affected people. One of the persons she talked to was a woman from Devighat which lies at the confluence of Trishuli and Tadi khola. I found the talk which has been translated verbatim from Nepali to English by Namoshree both enthralling and disturbing and while posting the story in this blog, I have withheld both the name and photo of the woman so that she may speak for the thousands of anonymous women of Nepal who experienced this tragedy.

Namoshree writes that 26 August 2026 began as an ordinary, unremarkable day in Nepal which would have passed like any other, had it not been for the catastrophic disaster that unfolded and whose reverberations are likely to be felt for years to come.

'The morning was bright and sunny like today', the woman who survived the disaster recalled and speaking of the flash floods she adds “we did not know what it was. It was dark..black, huge, and coming down. It was rushing down at such speed, rumbling through the valley and threatening us.

When the flood happened, there was no rainfall in our area. At that time we did receive information from people in Gyirong, upstream, that a flood was coming. They said, ‘Gyirong is finished.’ We could not believe. A smaller flood had happened previously, so people initially underestimated the situation. They were saying, ‘How big can it be? We will see from this bridge.’ Nobody was willing to run.

After that, there was a hue and cry that Betravati was also finished and that Soley Bazaar was also finished. Only then did people here at Devighat started running…People were now convinced to run and escape when they heard that Dugrey Bazaar and Trisuli Bazaar were also finished. By then, people started panicking. The vehicles were turned back. That is why many casualties could be avoided in this area.

But we were the ones who saw it all happen in front of our eyes. We cried and screamed. The houses were literally thrown away. When the first wave of the flood came, it jolted the houses. Then another wave came and literally lifted the houses and washed them away like slippers being thrown here and there. That is how this flood gushed down that day. [Some described the flood’s sudden force as “like a bomb,” with some comparing its destructive impact to the Hiroshima and Nagasaki bombings.]

Then, nobody could contact anyone. Everyone was scattered, and nobody knew where the others were. Children…Women…Aged people ...everyone asking for help. There were hue and cry everywhere. Families were separated. And then we saw the flood engulfing everything in its path. It seemed to show no mercy ..nothing and no one was spared.

That was my maternal home village. Around 340 dead bodies were taken out from that village. Almost everyone there was dead. There were no phones and no communication for a long time. Only later in the day could we establish faint connections.

Then there was so much wailing and crying. I came to this same place nearly three hours after the incident. What I saw was dead bodies being taken out. If eleven bodies were taken out, most of them were elderly people from this place. There were bodies being taken out without clothes.

I had lost many things in previous disasters, but this disaster was the most devastating and frightening for me. My heart broke, especially when I saw 20-25 helicopters hovering above us. People were standing in rows and rows, waiting to find out what had happened to their homes and their family members and loved ones. They were simply wailing and continuously looking towards the site. Some of them would faint, become unconscious, and fall to the ground.

I saw everything. I kept walking here and there. There were traffic jams, people crying, and chaos everywhere. Some said ‘“तेरो त लाश भए पनि भेटायो, मेरो त आश पनि छैन।” (At least you found your family member’s body, I don’t even have that hope.)  Hearing such things, I felt completely broken. I kept thinking, ‘What is this? In which world are we living?’ That is how I felt at that time.

Many of us who saw this live are psychologically disturbed. I myself feel the shiver when I recall it now. Many people could not get drinking water. Many could not send messages. People were waving handkerchiefs, asking for help, and simply standing there and staring. They were asking for water and biscuits. We could not even reach them directly or throw packets of biscuits to them. The area was difficult and inaccessible, and we were helpless. That night, there was no electricity either. It was completely dark, the weather became even more difficult, and it continued to rain. It felt that this was the kind of disaster that even many of our ancestors had never witnessed.

During earlier disasters, such as the earthquake, infrastructure like roads was not completely destroyed. Wherever a building had collapsed, there was still a possibility of digging at that particular place and finding the bodies. But this case was completely different. We could not even understand where the people had been swept away.

The areas in Nuwakot and Rasuwa districts were among the worst affected, but the people who lost their lives, injured, or went missing were from other districts as well.

At first, we were searching for the living, the survivors. Later, we also started collecting the dead. We collected the bodies and kept them aside at the barracks. After some time, the bodies started to smell, and the entire pathway was filled with a disgusting smell. It became difficult even to walk through that area.

We informed our CDO sir. We told him that we were not being allowed to keep the bodies in the Pashupati area either, and there was no other suitable location. Then, at another place, around 60-70 unclothed dead bodies were brought and kept aside like piled up like logs of wood thrown out to dry. I thought, ‘Oh, have we lost all our humanity?’ I was heartbroken and felt like crying my heart and soul out.

Regional authorities were also coming to collect the bodies of people they knew. But even after identifying the bodies, arranging their transportation was extremely difficult because there were simply too many bodies. Dead bodies from all the affected districts upstream were being brought and kept here.

At that time, even the authorities could not understand the situation properly or figure out how to manage it. Our minds were not working properly either. We had been witnessing these things for so long. Slowly, the news spread across different places, and only then did help start arriving.

For about one week, search-and-rescue operations continued here. Later, they started searching in other nearby areas as well. In places such as Betravati, dead bodies were found lying on the surface itself.

Now we have seen the loss and destruction. We have faced it all here. This was once such a thriving place. People had houses and businesses. Now they have been reduced to nothing and have come onto the streets with nothing. Some are the only survivors of their families. They have lost everyone. They are mentally disturbed. This was something that nobody could ever have imagined.

This place was not located high above. It was near a small stream. This Tadi Khola, which is a tributary, had flooded in the past as well and had affected areas upstream. But the Trisuli had never done anything like this. It was a peacefully flowing river. It had never shown us this side of itself. It had flooded in the past, but never on this scale or in this manner. It always used to flow within a relatively narrow channel.

The devices that were used to measure the height of the water flow were also swept away. The flow was blocked for some time by this bridge, and then the bridge itself was swept away. The same thing happened at Betravati.

The flow was blocked there as well. The wave hit the bridge once, went back, and then came again for the second time. Earlier too, the flow used to get blocked by such bridges along the way. There were several places where the water was obstructed because of bridges.

Wherever such bridges remained obstructed for a longer period, the water accumulated there, and those became the main points where the flow was blocked and subsequently caused severe damage, these were just some of my personal observations”

Namoshree adds 'I was heartbroken hearing her tragedy. Being a woman from the mountains myself, I could empathize with her totally because for us living in the Himalayas, warnings and alerts are a familiar part of life, we work around them, live with them.
However, when the mountains talk in anger, we need to listen and pay heed to their message'

Author:
Ms Namoshree Rai,
Darjeeling
namoshreerai2025@gmail.com
Photo Credits: Namoshree Rai

My sincere thanks to Namoshree for a story that, while free of scientific data and technical details, resonates with deep, intense feeling.

Praful Rao
SaveTheHills
savethehills@gmail.com
9475033744








Tuesday, September 15, 2026

Documenting history: Google Earth Images of the Teesta Valley before and after the Oct 2023 GLOF disaster.


Google Earth has recently updated its satellite imagery of the Teesta Valley, and high-resolution images from as recently as 2026 are now available. This allows us, for the first time, to view satellite imagery of the entire Teesta Valley following the devastation caused by the GLOF of 3–4Oct2023 from South Lhonak lake in North Sikkim.

It is unfortunate that satellite images from 2023 or 2024 are not available, as these would have revealed the true extent of the destruction in the immediate aftermath of the GLOF. The 2025/26 imagery, by contrast, shows many locations after significant repairs and reconstruction have already taken place. Also a word of caution here: the updated image and the older image are taken at different times and months of the year as such show shadow areas and colors differently.

Nevertheless, these images provide an important historical record of the largest GLOF in the Himalayas. When juxtaposed with earlier images of the same areas from 2022, they reveal the extraordinary scale and humongous power of nature as the GLOF swept down the Teesta Valley.

STH surveyed the GLOF-stricken areas soon after the disaster, and we already have a substantial report on the event in this blog. In this photo report, I have supported the satellite images with photos of the event from the ground in order to provide a closer look at the devastation.
For those interested, I have also uploaded  a presentation on YouTube, with approximate timelines and details of the disaster. Scientific details on the GLOF are available here.

1. Areas near South Lhonak lake (26°51.419’N 88°26.602’E)

Google Earth images of 2018 (top) and 2026 (below)

Slope profile from A (4472m) to B (3292m) along the river valley -distance 14.7km
2. Lachen town area 
(27.7167° N, 88.5578° E)
Google Earth Images of 2022 (top) and 2025 (below)

Slope profile from A (3278m) to B (2235m) along the river valley -distance 14.4km

3. Areas north of and near to Chungthang (
27.613133° N 88.631783°E)
 

Google Earth Images of 2022 (top) and 2025 (below)

                            The Teesta Valley north of Chungthang, December 2023. 
The October 2023 GLOF transformed the valley into a vast corridor of destruction, scouring away entire forests and carrying millions of tonnes of rock, sediment and debris downstream. Buildings, roads and hydroelectric power infrastructure were damaged or swept away, leaving a devastated landscape in its aftermath.

The army lost a lot of hardware, munitions and equipment in the GLOF and the ammunition depot at Munshithang just north of Chungthang was all but wiped out.

4. Chungthang town (27.6045° N  88.6456° E)

                                                    Google Earth Images of 2022 (top) and 2025(below)

Chungthang, the gateway to North Sikkim, sat at the scenic confluence of the Lachen and Lachung Chu (Chu means river in Tibetan). This strategic town was tragically altered around midnight on 04Oct2023, when the GLOF surged down the Lachen Chu. The deluge obliterated much of the town.
Chungthang town on 05Oct2023.

Drone image of Chungthang town, on 17Nov2023 when we visited the place.

5. 1200MW Teesta III dam at Chungthang (27.6045° N  88.6456° E)
Google Earth Images of 2022 (top) and 2025 (below)

Chungthang town owed much of its development to the presence of the 1200MW Teesta III dam (or the Sikkim Urja dam) which was commissioned in Feb 2017 and the town became a tourist hub for travelers going towards Lachen or Lachung in North Sikkim.
The GLOF of Oct2023 destroyed the dam, shortly after midnight on 04Oct2023. The precise time of collapsed may never be known as it was pitch dark, raining with the noise of the GLOF hitting the town. In this melee, residents of the town were busy scrambling to higher ground to save their lives to notice when the dam collapsed. They only came to know about it at dawn on 04Oct2023.
  Image of the collapsed Teesta III (Sikkim Urja) dam taken a few days after the dam was         destroyed.
Drone STH image of destroyed dam with Chungthang town in background -17Nov2023

6. Hanuman Mandir (south of Chungthang - 27.58310°N  88.65591°E)
Google Earth Images of 2022 (top) and 2025 (below)

 7. Naga Village (Mangan district, North Sikkim  27.545367°N 88.628383°E)
Google Earth Images of 2022 (top) and 2025 (below)

The village of Naga (Mangan district, Sikkim), located along the Mangan-Toong road suffered catastrophic landslides after the GLOF swept past it in the valley below. Many residents have since left the village for safer places.
                   Drone image of Naga village landslides taken by STH on 17Nov2023

8. Rangpo town (27.175° N, 88.530° E)
Google Earth Images of 2022 (top) and 2025(below)

The GLOF struck Rangpo—a bustling commercial and transit hub in the Pakyong district—in the early hours of 04Oct2023. Thanks to early warnings received on cell phones from friends and relatives upstream, most residents managed to scramble to higher ground. However, those who did not heed the alerts were tragically swept away.
The Teesta River rapidly submerged the low lying areas of IBM complex and bazaar in the northern part of the town. When the floodwaters finally receded, they left the entire bazaar buried under more than 10 feet of sludge and sand.
   
    Telephoto image of Rangpo on 06Oct2023 when STH visited the town.
Heavy construction equipment buried under more than 10 feet of sludge and sand at IBM bazar in Rangpo - photo by STH on 06Oct2023
Portions of buildings being excavated in IBM bazar, Rangpo in Dec2023 after the GLOF buried everything under more than 10feet of sludge on 04Oct2023.
Drone image of IBM bazar on 19Mar2025. Much of the sand and debris has been cleared and the Red and Green buildings seen in earlier image are now clear of the sludge.


9. Melli town (
27.0906°N 88.4561°E)
  Google Earth images of 2022 (top) and 2025 (below)

Melli is a small town, on the banks of the Teesta river, which straddles both the states of Sikkim and West Bengal (Kalimpong district). The GLOF of 04Oct2023 affected both states.
The top Google Earth image of 2022 shows the sports stadium and parts of Melli town prior to the GLOF.
The lower image shows the impact of the GLOF where the Teesta river now flows on the edge of the stadium. The river flooded the stadium during the GLOF and since the river level has risen by almost 10-15 feet after the GLOF, it routinely floods the stadium after heavy rain (see below)
Drone image Melli stadium of Sep2024 covered with sludge and sand
 
10. Tribeni 
(Confluence of Rangeet and Teesta river - Kalimpong district - 27.079767°N  88.430950°E)
Google Earth images of 2021 (top) and 2025 (below)

Tribeni Covid Hospital is located at the confluence of the Rangeet (dark blue) and Teesta rivers and was used effectively as a isolated treatment centre for Covid patients. The GLOF reached here in the early morning of 04Oct2023 and submerged the road access to the area  from Teesta bazar as well as severely damaged the structure and the compound of the hospital.
Tribeni Covid Hospital on 24Jul2024, approximately one year after the GLOF hit the area.

11. Teesta Bazar (
27.059722° N 88.426111° E)
Google Earth images of 2021 (top) and 2025 (below)

The GLOF crashed into Teesta bazar at around 4.00am on 04Oct2023. Residents we interviewed talk about a wall of water coming towards them with cars bobbing up and down in it with headlights on - like little toys in a bathtub. Praveen Chhetri my young colleague from STH reached Teesta bazar the same morning and has photographed some of the most dramatic photos of a GLOF in progress.
The GLOF hitting the Teesta bazar on 04Oct2023 and the same area and buildings seen below in a photograph of 21Jul2024.
Coincidentally all the above photos are approximately of the same area in Teesta bazar as the photo from the 04Oct1968 Darjeeling-Sikkim disaster. See photo below:
 
12. Geil Khola (27.029213° N  88.427925°E) 
Google Earth images of 2022 (top) and 2024 (below)

The GLOF reached Geil khola , a transit point on NH10 near the Teesta Bazar, in the early hours of 04Oct2023 and quickly swallowed up the low lying areas of the hamlet. The half buried houses in the red circle are visible in the lower satellite image.
A more recent image of the same area showing the devastation by the GLOF is placed below:


I have documented these Google Earth images of the Oct2023 GLOF disaster along with supporting photos by STH and other known persons in an attempt to preserve a photographic record of a momentous disaster in our region.
While so doing, I found that most of the updated Google Earth images were from 2025, two years after the GLOF took place, nevertheless they do provide an visual indication of the scale of the disaster when compared to earlier images of the same region.
For those who are would like to know why the imagery is clustered around two areas (see map), I would say, these were the areas where the most devastation took place and also where population density is the highest.

My thanks to all those whose photos I have used in the above report

Praful Rao

savethehills@gmail.com

9475033744













Friday, July 31, 2026

Rainfall data of Jun 2026 of some towns of Sub-Himalayan W Bengal (SHWB) and Sikkim.

 

Progress of the monsoons (Jun2026)
Technically, the monsoons in India covers the months of June/July/August and September. News paper clips and data which highlight the progress of the monsoon in June 2026 are below:

The monsoons finally arrived over the Darjeeling-Sikkim Himalaya on 10Jun2026 and with it the IMD issued an ORANGE warning (see above) for thundershowers and rain on 10/11Jun2026.
Rainfall in June was initially deficient but picked up towards the last week of June2026:
Extreme rainfall event of 18Jun2026: covered here

IMPACTS 
The impact of the rains was mostly felt after mid-June when the rains intensified and it was mostly limited to roads and infrastructure.The impact at Mirik after the 18Jun2026 rains has already been covered.
News clips on the impact are reproduced below:

Praful Rao
SaveTheHills
savethehills@gmail.com
9475033744